Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a severe and often misunderstood food allergy that primarily affects infants. Recognizing the symptoms of acute FPIES in infants early is crucial in preventing life-threatening complications. This article covers the key signs, differences from other food allergies, and when to seek medical help.
Understanding FPIES
What is FPIES?
FPIES is a rare, non-IgE-mediated food allergy that mainly affects the gastrointestinal system. Unlike most food allergies, FPIES does not trigger immediate reactions such as hives or breathing problems. Instead, it leads to symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea several hours after a trigger food is consumed.
How FPIES Differs from Other Food Allergies
While typical food allergies often result in immediate reactions such as hives or anaphylaxis, acute FPIES is different. Its symptoms appear hours after exposure, often leading to confusion with viral infections or gastrointestinal issues. Diagnosing FPIES can be challenging due to this delayed reaction.
Recognizing Acute FPIES Symptoms
Common Initial Symptoms
The symptoms of acute FPIES in infants usually begin with repeated vomiting, lethargy, and dehydration. These symptoms often occur 2 to 4 hours after consuming a trigger food. In more severe cases, infants may go into shock, presenting with symptoms such as pale, cold, or unresponsive behavior.
Delayed Onset Reactions
A defining feature of acute FPIES is the delayed onset of symptoms. Unlike typical allergic reactions, which occur immediately after exposure, symptoms such as vomiting, lethargy, and dehydration can manifest hours later, leading to frequent misdiagnosis as a gastrointestinal issue.
Risk Factors and Early Identification
At-Risk Foods
Common triggers for acute FPIES include cow’s milk, soy, rice, and oats. Symptoms often appear after the introduction of solid foods. While rare, breastfed infants can also be affected if the allergenic proteins are passed through breastmilk.
Family History and Genetics
Though the exact cause of FPIES remains unknown, genetics may play a role. A family history of food allergies, asthma, or immune disorders may increase the risk of FPIES in infants. Identifying these risk factors early can lead to better prevention and management.
When to Seek Medical Help
If your infant shows symptoms like persistent vomiting, extreme lethargy, or severe dehydration after eating, it is essential to seek medical help immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing severe complications from acute FPIES. Parents should consult with a pediatrician familiar with FPIES for proper management.
Recognizing the symptoms of acute FPIES in infants early on ensures timely medical intervention and a healthier outcome for your child.
Discuss Here